Education
B.Sc. Geology, St. Lawrence University, cum laude, Honors in Geology, 1982
M.Sc. Oceanography, Graduate School of Oceanography University of Rhode Island, 1986
Ph.D., M. Phil. Geology, Columbia University. Thesis title: "Pliocene-Pleistocene Evolution of Tropical Aridity". Committee: Dr. William F. Ruddiman, advisor, Wally Broecker, Dennis Kent, Paul Olsen (1992). Sc. D. (hon. causa) St. Lawrence University (2009)